|
Command |
Example |
Description |
| cat |
|
Sends file contents to standard output. This is a way to list the
contents of short files to the screen. It works well with piping. |
| |
cat .bashrc |
Sends the contents of the ".bashrc" file to the screen. |
| cd |
|
Change directory |
| |
cd /home |
Change the current working directory to /home. The '/' indicates
relative to root, and no matter what directory you are in when you
execute this command, the directory will be changed to "/home". |
| |
cd httpd |
Change the current working directory to httpd, relative to the
current location which is "/home". The full path of the new working
directory is "/home/httpd". |
| |
cd .. |
Move to the parent directory of the current directory. This command
will make the current working directory "/home. |
| |
cd ~ |
Move to the user's home directory which is "/home/username". The '~'
indicates the users home directory. |
| cp |
|
Copy files |
| |
cp myfile yourfile |
Copy the files "myfile" to the file "yourfile" in the current
working directory. This command will create the file "yourfile" if it
doesn't exist. It will normally overwrite it without warning if it
exists. |
| |
cp -i myfile yourfile |
With the "-i" option, if the file "yourfile" exists, you will be
prompted before it is overwritten. |
| |
cp -i /data/myfile . |
Copy the file "/data/myfile" to the current working directory and
name it "myfile". Prompt before overwriting the file. |
| |
cp -dpr srcdir destdir |
Copy all files from the directory "srcdir" to the directory "destdir"
preserving links (-p option), file attributes (-p option), and copy
recursively (-r option). With these options, a directory and all it
contents can be copied to another directory. |
| dd |
dd if=/dev/hdb1 of=/backup/
|
Disk duplicate. The man page says this command is to "Convert and
copy a file", but although used by more advanced users, it can be a very
handy command. The "if" means input file, "of" means output file. |
| df |
|
Show the amount of disk space used on each mounted filesystem. |
| less |
less textfile |
Similar to the more command, but the user can page up and down
through the file. The example displays the contents of textfile. |
| ln |
|
Creates a symbolic link to a file. |
| |
ln -s test symlink |
Creates a symbolic link named symlink that points to the file test
Typing "ls -i test symlink" will show the two files are different with
different inodes. Typing "ls -l test symlink" will show that symlink
points to the file test. |
| locate |
|
A fast database driven file locator. |
| |
slocate -u |
This command builds the slocate database. It will take several
minutes to complete this command. This command must be used before
searching for files, however cron runs this command periodically on most
systems. |
| |
locate whereis |
Lists all files whose names contain the string "whereis". |
| logout |
|
Logs the current user off the system. |
| ls |
|
List files |
| |
ls |
List files in the current working directory except those starting
with . and only show the file name. |
| |
ls -al |
List all files in the current working directory in long listing
format showing permissions, ownership, size, and time and date stamp |
| more |
|
Allows file contents or piped output to be sent to the screen one
page at a time. |
| |
more /etc/profile |
Lists the contents of the "/etc/profile" file to the screen one page
at a time. |
| |
ls -al |more |
Performs a directory listing of all files and pipes the output of
the listing through more. If the directory listing is longer than a
page, it will be listed one page at a time. |
| mv |
|
Move or rename files |
| |
mv -i myfile yourfile |
Move the file from "myfile" to "yourfile". This effectively changes
the name of "myfile" to "yourfile". |
| |
mv -i /data/myfile . |
Move the file from "myfile" from the directory "/data" to the
current working directory. |
| pwd |
|
Show the name of the current working directory |
| |
more /etc/profile |
Lists the contents of the "/etc/profile" file to the screen one page
at a time. |
| shutdown |
|
Shuts the system down. |
| |
shutdown -h now |
Shuts the system down to halt immediately. |
| |
shutdown -r now |
Shuts the system down immediately and the system reboots. |
| whereis |
|
Show where the binary, source and manual page files are for a
command |
| |
whereis ls |
Locates binaries and manual pages for the ls command. |
